Deutsch

Wortschatz

  • anekeln: to disgust.
  • gönnen: to allow, oblige, indulge. jmdm etw gönnen, oder sich gönnen.
  • überfällig: overdue; delinquent.
  • verleben (etw): to spend (sth).
  • (dat. etw) entsprechen: to meet (many senses: satify, correspond, mate, comply, fit).
  • munter: lively.
  • schieben (irreg.): to push, to put.
  • grübeln (nach etw): to grumble (about sth).
  • sich verdutzen: to be taken aback, to be nonplussed.
  • ohrfeigen: to box the ears.
  • fortführen: to continue.
  • derlei: such. …ohne derlei Sachen: “without such things”. UNCERTAIN.
  • greifen (nach etw): to reach (for sth).
  • zucken (seine Achseln): to shrug (one's shoulders).
  • kündigen: to give one's notice.
  • versetzen: to alter slightly, to displace, to shift, to transfer, to translate. Many meanings.
  • zunehmen: to increase, to grow. {ant:abnehmen}
  • abnehmen: to decrease, to shrink. {ant:zunehmen}
  • begleiten: to accompany.
  • stürzen: to hurl, to rush, to plunge, to fall.
  • bestürzen: to dismay.
  • matt: weak, matte.
  • ächzen: to groan.
  • seufzen: to sigh.
  • (aus etw) auftauchen: to appear (from something), to emerge.
  • eilends: hastily.
  • bergab: uphill. {ant:bergauf}
  • bergauf: downhill. {ant:bergab}
  • umschlagen: to change, to turn over, to transfer.
  • betrachten: to look at, to consider.
  • wirbeln: to swirl, to whirl.
  • rühren: to move, to stir.
  • raten: to guess, to advise.
  • anstrengend: tiring.
  • anstrengen: to strain.
  • entsetzen: to horrify.
  • ertragen: to bear, to stand.
  • bilden: to form, to educate, to constitute.
  • einbilden: imagine.
  • verwandt: related.
  • gähnen: to yawn.
  • blinzeln: to blink, to wink.
  • richten: to aim, to direct.
  • schliessen: to close, to shut.
  • vergnügen: to enjoy, to amuse.
  • vollkommen: complete, wholly. Vollkommen zerstört: completely destroyed. {syn:völlig}
  • völlig: completely, consummate, wholly, altogether. {syn:vollkommen}
  • verwirren: to tangle, to mix up.
  • verärgern: to annoy.
  • ernsthaft: serious.
  • erstaunlich: astonishing.
  • umsichtig: cautious, prudent.
  • annehmen: to embrace (sth).
  • (sich) verpflichten: to commit (oneself).
  • verpflichtet (zu): bound/commited (to).
  • zögerlich: hesitant, unassertive.
  • knicken: to bend/buckle/crack. Der Herr knickt alle Bäume.
  • verpassen: to miss out on something. jmdm einen Denkzettel verpassen: to come down on so like a ton of bricks.
  • die Entwicklung: change, with overtones of growth/progress.
  • fordern: to demand.
  • das Ziel: purpose, aim, end.
  • der Absturz: crash (comp. and otherwise).
  • der Hinweis: hint, indication, reference.
  • verhinderen: to obviate, retard.
  • durchsetzen: to accomplish.
  • ermitteln: to determine.
  • unterstützen: to aid so./sb.
  • anbieten: to offer/provide. [See: Angebot.]

Speaking, interacting, moving words

  • erwecken: to arouse, to inspire, to awaken (lit. and fig.).
  • begeistern: to inspire, to fill with enthusiasm.
  • aufregen: to excite.
  • zischen: to hiss.
  • flüstern: to whisper.
  • überzeugen: to convince/to persuade.
  • drängen: to push, to urge.
  • drohen: to threaten.
  • dröhnen: to roar, to ring/resound.
  • bellen: to bark.
  • schreien: to shout, to scream
  • der Vorwurf: reproach. jmdm Vorwürfe machen: reproach somebody.

Addressing words and pronouns

  • mitten: in the middle.
  • sonstig: other. Der Sonstige: “the other one”.
  • das Einzel: individual.
  • der Einzelfall: the single case/instance.
  • die Menge: quantity, crowd, set, lot of.
  • erster (+end): former. In dem ersteren Bericht.
  • letzter (+end): latter.

Tolle Partikel

  • gewiss (adj.): particular, given; sure, certain.
  • gewiss (adv.): certainly; indeed.
  • mittels (prep+gen): by means of.
  • allmählich: gradually, piece-by-piece.
  • entgegen: against, contrary to; towards. Entgegen der Marktentwicklung: “contrary to the market”.
  • abermals: once again, once more.
  • abermälig: repeatedly.
  • ebenfalls: likewise.
  • jedoch: however, yet, but.
  • dennoch: nevertheless. (Also the marvelous nichtsdestoweniger.)
  • sogar: even (if).
  • nämlich: that is to say, namely
  • bereits: already.
  • bloss: barely, only, merely.
  • soeben: just (now).
  • gerade: UNCERTAIN
  • jäh: sudden, abrupt.
  • offenbar: obviously.
  • weder … noch: neither … nor. Weder dies, noch dies, noch dies.

Thema

Redewendungen

  • jmd gardinenpredigen: to tell someone off
  • Gespannt wie ein Regenschirm: tense as an umbrella; excited, anxious.
  • ein Finger an die Wunde setzen: to put a finger on the problem.
  • Lächeln wie ein Honigkuchenpferd: grinning like a madman.
  • Rote Faden: thread (of the conversation).
  • Das ist wirklich böhmische Dörfer für mich!: it's all Greek to me!
  • in diesem Bericht: in this sense.
  • etw ist jmdm lieber als etw: sb prefers sth to sth.
  • Ich kann ihn am wenigsten leiden: I can't bear him most of all.
  • Es traf sich: it just so happened.
  • etw versetzt etw in Aufregung: sth shocked/excited sth.
  • etw fehlt jmdm: sb lacks sth. Du fehlst mir: “I miss you”.
  • von jetzt an: from now on.
  • es kommt gleich: it's coming soon.
  • jmdm kam es gewöhnlich zu: it seemed normal to sb.
  • Hals über Kopf: in a rush.
  • etw auf dem Hals: sth on one's head.
  • auf der Leitung stehen: not to understand a thing.
  • eine lange Leitung haben: to slowly come to understand something.
  • etwas in der Sand setzen: to mess something up.
  • Über ungelegte Eier reden: to put the cart before the horses.
  • Phrasendrescherei: to talk something up using big words.

Abkürzungen

  • w.z.b.w: was zu befürchten war, oder was zu beweisen war. QED.

Gegnerische Menge

  • Lachen/lächeln: laughing/smiling.
  • Nützlich/benützen: useful/to use.
  • überraschen/verwirren: to surprise/to confuse
  • mittels/mitten: by means of/in the middle
  • die Träne/die Träum: tear/dream.
  • verschwinden/verschwenden: to disappear/to waste.

Exercises

Write something about the tenses. This shit be confusing, man.

Write something about subjunctive. This shit be less confusing, and will hopefully follow on quite naturally from the tenses.

Write something about connectives. This shit be just a table.

Look through those word documents on Palabea and take down what looks useful.

A language system

Perspectives and features:

  • Should: German words matching English keyword; vice versa.
  • Should: Words by ontology (interacting words, mathematical words, useful adverbs, …).
  • Should: Preposition phrases (verpflichtet zu, lachen über, …).
  • Should: Verbs by root + separable/inseparable prefixes.
  • Should: have an export-to-plaintext/-wiki feature.
  • Could: Prefixes, so we can see what they generally do.
  • Could: auto-conjugate verbs.
  • Could: (auto-)generate flashcards.
  • Could: auto-fill as many forms as possible. e.g.: uncapitalised, ending in “n”: assume verb; match known prefixes; find lexico-similar verbs, nouns and adjectives; etc.

Each word may have:

  • Examples of use.
  • Conjugates (i.e. the verb “verpflichten” has the past participle “verpflichtet”).
  • Synonyms.
  • Antonyms.
  • Subjective: conflicting pairs, i.e. false friends or words which are confused by me.
  • General “see also” (the above references may be extensions of this relation).

Verbs:

  • Details of objects it may take.
  • Prefixes and their modifications to meaning.
  • Reflexive?

Nouns:

  • Gender.
  • Plural form.
  • Genitiv form.

Adverbs:

  • Word order, e.g. “jmdm nach” means “according to sb” (probably hard to normalise this).
  • Object case, location, and meaning? Covers all options.

Technologies:

  • Will: online version? Interface like Leo would be good. Python? Ruby? RoR? Ask Dave.
  • Could: offline version, for portability. Integration with mobile devices would be a neat exercise here. Python? Java?
  • Could: (Offline) flashcards. Python? Java? Integration with mobile devices; should use same tech as offline version, probably.
deutsch/deutsch.txt · Last modified: 2010/09/22 09:03 by jobriath
 
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