Closed: legs interlocked behind the opponent.

Butterfly: legs bent, feet hooked inside opponent's knees. Requires active effort to maintain effectiveness.

From guard, bring right knee across opponent's midline, put left leg against the floor and opponent's right leg, and hold opponent's right arm. Perform a scissor motion with legs, with emphasis on sweeping opponent's right leg.

Alternatively, with right knee across opponent's midline, push the opponent's right knee away with your left foot. This will cause a roll.

From mount, grasp opponent's right forearm with left hand and prevent retraction by holding the elbow with your right hand. Lock in opponent's right foot with your left. Now thrust with your hips 45degrees to the left, turning your head to follow. With luck the opponent will be forced to roll, allowing you to roll into guard.

Figure four arm lock. from mount, catch opponent's left wrist with your right hand, palm down, acquiring a solid grip. Force this to the ground, such that the opponent's elbow forms a right angle. Thread your right hand under the opponent's upper arm and grab your left forearm. Apply pain by raising the opponent's elbow and moving the wrist away from their shoulder, always maintaining a tight angle.

• To prevent, straighten the arm.
• Tip: speed is important. Have the vertical hand ready on the ground.
• Also: the thumb of the right hand can apply pain to the ulnar bone at the wrist. If not doing this, the thumb should be parallel to the fingers, as it is vulnerable.

Triangle: from guard. If opponent, in trying to break your guard, gets their left arm between their body and your right leg, work it through and throw your legs over their shoulders, hooking the right foot under your left knee. Pull their now-useless right arm across their body to help give leverage and squeeze to choke.

• Tip: tighten the lock by rocking your right leg into a better position in your knee. Pull the ankle to ensure a good bind.
• Pull their head forward to increase the discomfiture.
• Also: raise your hips when acquiring the lock. This puts the thigh against their neck, instead of the bend of the knee, making the submission easier to obtain.
• Don't worry if they force you to your side; the lock still works, given time and pressure.
• React to stacking attempts by turning to relieve pressure.

Bicep curl: from mount or guard, place elbows together in opponent's chest and hands behind opponent's head. Curl arms towards yourself.

• Caution: go easy on this one.
• Note: the position of the elbows is important.

Back naked choke: when behind opponent. Bring left forearm across opponent's throat, hook the arm in the crook of your right elbow, and thread the right forearm behind their neck. Bring the two forearms together to form an effective choke lock.

Left leg. Is NAFF. Reversing guard on that side is too difficult currently. Also, kicking was painful. Clearly something needs to be improved.

Kick blocking. Raise knee and let shin remain vertical.

Drill the techniques above.